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What Is Tuberculosis (TB)?

Tuberculosis, commonly known as TB, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also spread to other parts of the body. TB continues to be a major public health concern worldwide, especially in developing countries.

A Historical and Global Perspective

TB is one of the oldest known diseases in human history. Studies on ancient Egyptian mummies reveal that tuberculosis existed thousands of years ago. In the 19th century, it was a leading cause of death in Europe and was referred to as the “white plague.”

Today, although its impact has diminished in developed countries, TB remains a serious threat globally. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 10 million people contract TB each year, and approximately 1.5 million die from it. The disease is particularly dangerous when combined with conditions that weaken the immune system, such as HIV/AIDS.

 

How Is TB Transmitted?

TB is primarily spread through the air. When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks, tiny droplets containing TB bacteria are released into the air. When others breathe in these droplets, they may become infected.

However, being infected with the TB bacteria does not necessarily mean that the person will become ill. The body’s immune system can suppress the bacteria, resulting in what is known as latent TB infection. These individuals are not contagious, but if their immune system weakens, the disease can become active.

Factors that increase the risk of TB transmission include:

• Living in close contact with an infected person
• Spending time in crowded, poorly ventilated areas
• Having a weakened immune system (due to HIV, cancer treatments, old age, etc.)
• Malnutrition and poor living conditions

 

What Are the Symptoms of TB?

TB symptoms usually develop slowly and may not be noticeable for months. Common signs include:

• Persistent cough lasting more than two weeks
• Coughing up blood or sputum
• Night sweats
• Fever and fatigue
• Loss of appetite and weight loss
• Chest pain and shortness of breath

These symptoms can be mistaken for other diseases, so it’s important to seek medical advice if they persist.

 

Diagnosis and Treatment

TB is diagnosed through a combination of symptoms, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging methods. Common diagnostic tools include:

• Sputum smear microscopy
• Chest X-ray
• Tuberculin skin test (PPD test)
• PCR and culture tests

Once diagnosed, treatment begins. TB treatment usually lasts six months and involves a combination of antibiotics. The drugs must be taken regularly and in the prescribed combinations to be effective.

Adherence to treatment is crucial for successful recovery. Inconsistent or incomplete treatment can lead to drug-resistant TB strains, making the disease much harder to treat and increasing the risk of further spread.

 

Prevention and Vaccination

One of the most effective ways to control TB is early diagnosis and treatment. Isolating infectious patients and screening close contacts can help prevent the spread.

The BCG vaccine is also widely used for TB prevention. It offers protection, especially in children, against severe forms of the disease. In Türkiye, the BCG vaccine is part of the routine immunization schedule for newborns.

To prevent TB:

• Avoid prolonged time in crowded, poorly ventilated areas
• Eat a balanced diet to strengthen your immune system
• Stay up to date with vaccinations
• See a doctor if you have symptoms such as a long-lasting cough

 

TB Control Efforts in Türkiye

Türkiye has made significant progress in the fight against tuberculosis. TB diagnosis and treatment are offered free of charge through government-supported TB control centers. These centers also monitor patients, trace contacts, and provide public education.

However, new challenges like drug-resistant TB and the movement of large populations due to migration make continuous effort necessary. Health worker training, public awareness, and access to care are essential in maintaining control.

 

Why Is TB Still Important Today?

Although TB is often seen as a disease of the past, it continues to affect millions today. Public awareness, early detection, and proper treatment are key to overcoming it. TB is a curable disease when treated properly, but if ignored, it poses a risk not only to individuals but to society as a whole.

 

Why Choose HealthTürkiye?

Türkiye has become a sought-after destination for medical tourism, thanks to its well-established healthcare system and highly trained medical professionals. HealthTürkiye, an official representative of the Türkiye healthcare system, has been authorized by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Türkiye to assist international travelers seeking medical care in Türkiye. USHAŞ is a government-affiliated organization that makes it easier for international travelers to get the right direction and guidance for medical services. HealthTürkiye offers specialized services to guide patients from all over the world in accessing top-quality medical services in Türkiye.

HealthTürkiye provides a wide range of medical facilities and advanced technology to ensure that patients receive the best possible care. The organization collaborates with the foremost hospitals in the field to develop personalized treatment plans for each patient, considering their specific needs and preferences. The medical professionals at these hospitals are highly trained and experienced, ensuring that patients receive safe, effective, and high-quality care.

Building on the achievement of HealthTürkiye, Türkiye strives to position itself as the greatest global center for healthcare services. By prioritizing inclusive and readily available healthcare services, as well as embracing cutting-edge technology and specialized knowledge, Türkiye has emerged as an appealing destination for individuals seeking medical tourism opportunities.

If you would like to benefit from Türkiye's healthcare services, HealthTürkiye will meet you the best medical care.