The information given below does not contain health advice. If you are considering this procedure, you should consult a doctor. Click here to see the health facilities and doctors providing this service on the HealthTürkiye portal.

 

 

What is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)?

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women, affecting between 5% and 10% of women of reproductive age worldwide. This disorder causes impaired ovarian function and is characterized by hormonal imbalances. PCOS is a complex condition that affects both reproductive health and overall metabolic health. Below, the symptoms, diagnosis, causes and treatment methods of PCOS are discussed in detail.

 

Causes of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

The exact cause of polycystic ovary syndrome is still unknown. However, genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role. Women with a family history of PCOS have a higher risk of developing the condition. The following factors may be effective in the development of PCOS:

• Genetic Predisposition: PCOS has been observed to be common among family members. Genetic factors can lead to impaired ovarian function and hormonal imbalances. The presence of metabolic disorders such as PCOS or type 2 diabetes in the family may increase the predisposition to this condition.
• Insulin Resistance and Excess Insulin Secretion: Insulin resistance is a condition seen in most women with PCOS. Body cells do not respond properly to insulin, which causes the pancreas to produce more insulin. Excess insulin can increase androgen production in the ovaries, leading to hormone imbalance and cyst formation.
• Hormonal Imbalances: Women with PCOS usually have increased levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and androgen. Imbalances in these hormones affect ovulation and cause menstrual irregularities.
• Inflammation: Some studies have shown that women with PCOS have low levels of chronic inflammation. This inflammation can exacerbate PCOS symptoms by triggering androgen production.

 

Symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

The symptoms of PCOS can vary from person to person and can range from mild symptoms to symptoms that severely affect quality of life. The most common symptoms include:

• Menstrual Irregularities: Most women with PCOS experience irregular menstrual cycles. This can take the form of infrequent periods (oligomenorrhea), no periods (amenorrhea) or frequent and heavy menstrual bleeding. These irregularities are caused by ovulation problems and, if left untreated, can lead to complications such as excessive thickening of the lining of the uterus (endometrial hyperplasia).
• Excessive Hair Growth (Hirsutism): Women with PCOS may experience excessive hair growth in various parts of the body due to increased androgen (male hormone) levels. This condition, which is especially concentrated on the face, chest, back and abdomen, can cause cosmetic discomfort and negatively affect social life.
• Acne and Skin Problems: High androgen levels can lead to oilier skin and acne. Acne is commonly seen on the face, back and chest.
• Weight Gain and Obesity: A large proportion of women with PCOS have difficulty losing weight and tend to become obese. This weight gain is mostly concentrated in the abdomen and is associated with insulin resistance. Excessive weight gain can exacerbate the symptoms of PCOS.
• Cyst formation in the ovaries: During an ultrasound examination, many women with PCOS have multiple small cysts on the ovaries. These cysts are actually immature egg follicles and are caused by ovulation problems.
• Hair Loss: PCOS can also lead to hair loss. Especially male pattern hair loss, i.e. receding forehead line and thinning hair, can be seen due to androgen excess.
• Infertility: PCOS is one of the most common causes of infertility in women. Due to ovulation disorders, many women with PCOS have difficulty getting pregnant. Irregular or infrequent ovulation reduces the chances of fertilization.

 

Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome is diagnosed through various tests and evaluations. Doctors can diagnose PCOS with the following methods:

1. Medical History and Physical Examination: The doctor evaluates the patient's menstrual pattern, symptoms and family health history. Symptoms such as excessive hair growth, acne, weight gain and hair loss are also observed during the physical examination.
2. Blood Tests: Blood tests are performed to check hormone levels. In particular, androgen, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin levels are examined. High androgen levels support the diagnosis of PCOS.
3. Ultrasound: Ultrasound is used to visualize the ovaries. In women with PCOS, the ovaries are usually enlarged and have many small cysts on their surface. However, the presence of cysts alone is not enough to diagnose PCOS.

 

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Treatment Methods

Although there is no definitive treatment for polycystic ovary syndrome, various treatment methods are used to control symptoms and prevent complications. The treatment plan is usually shaped according to the symptoms and life goals of the individual. The main treatment methods are as follows:

1. Lifestyle Changes: Weight management and healthy living habits are of great importance for women with PCOS. Regular exercise can reduce insulin resistance, promote hormonal balance and help with weight loss. A healthy diet helps control blood sugar and regulate hormones.
2. Medication:

• Birth Control Pills: Hormone-regulating drugs can be used to regulate the menstrual cycle and relieve symptoms such as excessive hair growth and acne. Birth control pills also prevent cyst formation by suppressing androgen production in the ovaries.
• Metformin: This drug, which reduces insulin resistance, can be especially effective in women with PCOS who have weight problems. Metformin can also promote ovulation and regulate menstruation.
• Clomiphene Citrate: This is an ovulation-stimulating medication for women who have difficulty conceiving. Clomiphene citrate promotes ovarian maturation and ovulation.

3. Anti-androgen drugs: Lowering androgen levels can help relieve symptoms such as excessive hair growth and hair loss. Medications such as spironolactone manage these symptoms by reducing androgen action.
4. Fertility Treatments: Because PCOS can lead to fertility problems, several treatment options are available for women who want to get pregnant. Ovulation induction drugs, such as clomiphene citrate or letrozole, can stimulate ovulation. In more advanced cases, in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment may also be an option.

 

Health Risks Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

PCOS is not limited to short-term symptoms; in the long term it can lead to many serious health problems. Therefore, it is important for women diagnosed with PCOS to keep up with regular medical check-ups and manage their symptoms. Long-term health risks include:

• Type 2 diabetes: Around 30% of women with PCOS are at risk of developing insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes in the long term.
• Heart Disease: High insulin levels, along with risk factors such as high blood pressure and cholesterol, can increase susceptibility to heart disease.
• Endometrial Cancer: Irregular menstrual cycles can thicken the lining of the uterus, which can lead to endometrial cancer.
• Depression and Anxiety: Women with PCOS are at risk of developing depression and anxiety due to hormonal imbalances and the stress of physical symptoms.

 

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex disease that can lead to lifelong health problems. However, with the right diagnosis and treatment, symptoms can be managed effectively. Lifestyle changes, medication and fertility support can help improve the quality of life for women with PCOS. In addition, regular medical check-ups and long-term health monitoring can help prevent serious complications. By taking care of both their physical and psychological health, women with PCOS can live a long and healthy life.

 

Why choose HealthTürkiye?

Türkiye has become a sought-after destination for medical tourism, thanks to its well-established healthcare system and highly trained medical professionals. HealthTürkiye, an official representative of the Türkiye healthcare system, has been authorized by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Türkiye to assist international travelers seeking medical care in Türkiye. USHAŞ is a government-affiliated organization that makes it easier for international travelers to get the right direction and guidance for medical services. HealthTürkiye offers specialized services to guide patients from all over the world in accessing top-quality medical services in Türkiye.

HealthTürkiye provides a wide range of medical facilities and advanced technology to ensure that patients receive the best possible care. The organization collaborates with the foremost hospitals in the field to develop personalized treatment plans for each patient, considering their specific needs and preferences. The medical professionals at these hospitals are highly trained and experienced, ensuring that patients receive safe, effective, and high-quality care.

Building on the achievement of HealthTürkiye, Türkiye strives to position itself as the greatest global center for healthcare services. By prioritizing inclusive and readily available healthcare services, as well as embracing cutting-edge technology and specialized knowledge, Türkiye has emerged as an appealing destination for individuals seeking medical tourism opportunities.

If you would like to benefit from Türkiye's healthcare services, HealthTürkiye will meet you the best medical care.