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What is Macular Degeneration?

Macular degeneration is an eye disease that affects central vision and occurs mainly with age. It occurs when a small area in the retina of the eye, called the macula, is damaged. The macula is the area needed for clear and detailed vision, allowing us to perceive colors and fine details. Therefore, macular degeneration can directly affect a person's daily activities such as reading, face recognition and driving.

Macular degeneration usually occurs in people over the age of 50 and is also called age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It is also known as “old age blindness” due to its increased incidence in older people. However, macular degeneration does not lead to complete blindness, it only reduces central vision.

 

Macular Degeneration Types

Macular degeneration is classified into two main types: Dry and wet macular degeneration. Both types disrupt the structure and function of the macula, but their effects and progression differ.

1. Dry (atrophic) macular degeneration: Dry macular degeneration is the most common form of the disease, accounting for about 80% of all cases. In this form, small, yellowish deposits called drusen accumulate in the tissues under the retina. The accumulation of drusen disrupts the function of cells in the macula, causing central vision loss. The dry type progresses more slowly than the wet type, but if it progresses, it can lead to severe vision loss in the advanced stage.
2. Wet (exudative) macular degeneration: Wet macular degeneration is less common than dry macular degeneration, but it progresses more rapidly and can lead to more severe vision loss. In this type, abnormal blood vessels in the eye grow under the macula and can leak blood or accumulate fluid. These new blood vessels that leak blood cause a rapid deterioration of the retinal cells. Since wet macular degeneration carries a risk of sudden and serious vision loss, early diagnosis and intervention are very important.

 

Macular Degeneration Symptoms

Symptoms of macular degeneration usually develop slowly, but can be faster and more pronounced in wet macular degeneration. Common symptoms include:

• Central vision loss: Patients experience blurred or distorted vision, especially when performing tasks that require detail, such as reading or facial recognition.
• Dark or blank spots: Dark spots or empty spaces may appear in the visual field.
• Distorted vision: Straight lines begin to appear curved or wavy.
• Decreased color perception: Colors may appear faded or less vivid.

These symptoms lead to a noticeable decrease in the quality of vision and can significantly affect quality of life. However, if detected early, it may be possible to slow the progression of the disease or reduce its effects.

 

Macular Degeneration Causes

The exact cause of macular degeneration is unknown, but several risk factors contribute to the development of the disease. These risk factors include the following:

• Age: People over the age of 50 have a higher risk of developing the disease.
• Genetics: People with a family history of macular degeneration have an increased risk of the disease.
• Smoking: Smoking significantly increases the risk of developing the disease.
• Sun exposure: Prolonged exposure to UV rays can negatively affect eye health.
• Obesity and unhealthy diet: High fat and low antioxidant diets are among the risk factors.

 

Macular Degeneration Diagnosis

Macular degeneration is diagnosed by a detailed eye examination by an ophthalmologist. The main diagnostic methods used are as follows:

• Eye Examination: The doctor looks at the tissues at the back of the eye using special eye drops to examine the structure of the retina.
• Amsler Grid Test: In this test, the patient is shown a grid with squares. If the lines appear distorted or wavy, it can be a sign of macular degeneration.
• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): A high-tech method used to visualize the structures inside the eye in detail.
• Fluorescein Angiography: In this test, the patient is injected with a dye that shows the blood vessels so that abnormal blood vessels can be visualized.

 

Macular Degeneration Treatment Methods

The treatment of macular degeneration depends on the type of disease and the level of progression. Although there is no complete cure, it is possible to slow down the progression with various methods.

1. Treatment of dry macular degeneration: Treatment of dry macular degeneration is usually supported by antioxidant and mineral supplements. Regular intake of antioxidants such as lutein, zeaxanthin, vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc can slow the progression of the disease. It is also important to follow a healthy diet and adopt an eye-healthy lifestyle.
2. Treatment of wet macular degeneration: More advanced methods are used in the treatment of wet macular degeneration. These treatment methods are as follows:

• Anti-VEGF drugs: These drugs are injected into the eye to prevent the growth of abnormal blood vessels.
• Laser therapy: Laser beams can be used to destroy abnormal blood vessels.
• Photodynamic therapy: The patient is injected with a drug to treat the problem area in the eye with laser light.

 

Prevention of Macular Degeneration

Although it is not possible to completely prevent macular degeneration, some precautions can help reduce the risk. These precautions include the following:

• Healthy Diet: Consuming fruits and vegetables with high antioxidant content is important for eye health.
• Sunglasses Use: Sunglasses that provide protection against UV rays are effective in protecting eye health.
• Regular Eye Checks: It is recommended that people over the age of 50 should have regular eye examinations.
• Not Smoking: Smoking has negative effects on eye health, so it is important to avoid smoking.

 

Macular degeneration is an eye disease that can significantly affect quality of life. The symptoms of this disease can be controlled and its progression slowed down with early diagnosis and appropriate treatment methods. Adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular eye examinations and consulting an ophthalmologist when symptoms are noticed are the most effective ways to prevent this disease.

 

Why choose HealthTürkiye?

Türkiye has become a sought-after destination for medical tourism, thanks to its well-established healthcare system and highly trained medical professionals. HealthTürkiye, an official representative of the Türkiye healthcare system, has been authorized by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Türkiye to assist international travelers seeking medical care in Türkiye. USHAŞ is a government-affiliated organization that makes it easier for international travelers to get the right direction and guidance for medical services. HealthTürkiye offers specialized services to guide patients from all over the world in accessing top-quality medical services in Türkiye.

HealthTürkiye provides a wide range of medical facilities and advanced technology to ensure that patients receive the best possible care. The organization collaborates with the foremost hospitals in the field to develop personalized treatment plans for each patient, considering their specific needs and preferences. The medical professionals at these hospitals are highly trained and experienced, ensuring that patients receive safe, effective, and high-quality care.

Building on the achievement of HealthTürkiye, Türkiye strives to position itself as the greatest global center for healthcare services. By prioritizing inclusive and readily available healthcare services, as well as embracing cutting-edge technology and specialized knowledge, Türkiye has emerged as an appealing destination for individuals seeking medical tourism opportunities.

If you would like to benefit from Türkiye's healthcare services, HealthTürkiye will meet you the best medical care.